Primeros Auxilios Psicológicos (Coursera)

Primeros Auxilios Psicológicos (Coursera)

Este curso de primeros auxilios psicológicos, o primera ayuda psicológica (PAP), busca mostrarte uno de los modos de rescate y asistencia de primera línea para las personas afectadas por incidentes críticos y potencialmente traumáticos, como son los incendios, inundaciones, actos de terrorismo y otras situaciones similares.

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La prestación del apoyo básico, seguridad física y atención, inmediatamente después de un evento crítico, se consideran importantes para la reducción de los efectos negativos a corto, mediano y largo plazo de los desastres y otras situaciones de emergencia. La PAP es un modo de rescate y asistencia que pueden aplicar tanto rescatistas profesionales como personas sin formación profesional.

A su vez, se persiguen los siguientes objetivos generales:
• Reconocer las características de los desastres.
• Conocer la respuesta de estrés de las personas ante situaciones de peligro.
• Aprender sobre los trastornos mentales.
• Conocer cuáles son y qué características tienen los trastornos mentales asociados a los desastres.
• Conocer las características de la intervención de primeros auxilios psicológicos: fundamentos, principios, y objetivos.
• Conocer qué características de las personas pueden ayudar a actuar más efectivamente en el rescate de personas afectadas por desastres.

Syllabus

WEEK 1
Los desastres
¿Qué son los desastres? Este es el tema central al que te abocarás esta semana.
Los desastres pueden tomar muchas formas. Algunos de ellos son naturales, como un tornado, una inundación o un incendio. Otros son consecuencia de las acciones de los seres humanos, como los atentados terroristas. Nos interesan los desastres porque como eventos de alto impacto pueden causar consecuencias negativas en la salud física y mental de las personas afectadas. Conocer sobre los posibles desastres también puede ayudar para que las comunidades intenten tener una preparación.

WEEK 2
Los trastornos mentales y los desastres
En esta semana explorarás cómo, naturalmente, los desastres pueden tener un impacto negativo en el ser humano a corto, mediano o largo plazo. Uno de los desenlaces de los desastres es que pueden desencadenar en el ser humano un tipo de malestar, llamado trastorno mental. Los trastornos mentales han sido estudiados por largo tiempo y pueden pensarse como la contraparte de los trastornos físicos o médicos comunes, ya que pueden provocar un grado de sufrimiento o deterioro de la vida diaria de las personas. Actualmente, existen dos clasificaciones de los trastornos mentales que son muy relevantes para la clínica y la investigación psicológicas. Por una parte, el Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales (DSM-5) , por otra, la Clasificación internacional de enfermedades, que es una publicación de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Dentro de esos manuales encontramos algunos de los trastornos más frecuentes provocados por los desastres, por ejemplo, el trastorno de estrés postraumático, la depresión y la ansiedad generalizada.

WEEK 3
Tratamientos para trastornos mentales vinculados a desastres
La semana anterior aprendiste qué son los trastornos mentales y dos sistemas de clasificación de estos. En esta semana verás que hay tratamientos para ayudar a las personas que han sufrido impactos psicológicos negativos y que mucho tiempo después permanecen con malestar psicológico persistente.

WEEK 4
Primeros auxilios psicológicos
En esta semana explorarás el concepto de “primeros auxilios psicológicos” o primera ayuda psicológica (PAP), considerándolos como un modo de asistir y rescatar a las personas afectadas por desastres en los momentos iniciales de esa situación. Es algo que se hace en el terreno con la persona afectada. Como modo de asistencia a las personas afectadas por desastres, la PAP tiene el respaldo de importantes y reconocidas instituciones a nivel mundial, como la Organización Mundial de la Salud, la Organización del Tratado del Atlántico Norte o el Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental de EE. UU. La PAP puede ser ofrecida inclusive por personas sin formación académica universitaria profesional en Psicología, Medicina o carreras afines, pero formadas en la PAP. La PAP puede considerarse como un tipo de rescate humano y racional destinado a las personas afectadas por desastres de modo que permita prevenir o reducir los efectos psicológicos negativos desencadenados por los desastres y prevenir los trastornos mentales a corto, mediano y a largo plazo.

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