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Trasplante de órganos: desafíos éticos y jurídicos (edX)

Trasplante de órganos: desafíos éticos y jurídicos (edX)

En este curso analizaremos algunos interrogantes éticos y jurídicos que suscita el trasplante de órganos. Desde que en 1954 se realizara el primer trasplante exitoso de un órgano, la cirugía de trasplantes se ha desarrollado espectacularmente brindando esperanza y calidad de vida a muchos enfermos.

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Mientras esas técnicas y posibilidades terapéuticas avanzan, persisten sin embargo muchos interrogantes sobre el modo en el que los órganos pueden obtenerse lícitamente.
Algunos de esos dilemas nos acompañan desde siempre, otros son suscitados por la aparición de fenómenos novedosos como el turismo de trasplantes, las posibilidades que ofrece la donación tras la muerte cardiocirculatoria o los descubrimientos sobre las funciones fisiológicas remanentes en los pacientes diagnosticados en muerte cerebral.

En la inmensa mayoría de los países no se pueden comprar y vender órganos. ¿Por qué? A pesar de que muchas personas siguen muriendo a la espera de recibir un órgano, en ningún país se confiscan los órganos de las personas fallecidas. ¿Por qué? ¿Pueden donar los menores? ¿Debemos prescindir de la conocida como “regla del donante cadáver” y permitir la eutanasia para la donación? ¿Con qué límites? ¿De qué manera influye la potencial condición de donante de un órgano en los cuidados que se proporcionan al final de la vida? ¿Cómo evitar el conflicto de intereses entre quienes velan por la vida de los futuros receptores de un órgano y quienes aún se afanan por cuidar a quien va a fallecer de manera irremisible e inminente?
En este curso nos adentraremos en el análisis de esas y otras cuestiones, pero también introduciremos los nuevos desafíos que para la ética y el Derecho plantean trasplantes novedosos así como la discusión en torno a los criterios de justa distribución de los órganos.

What you'll learn

  • Entender los desafíos jurídicos y éticos actuales que plantean los trasplantes de órganos.
  • Conocer las circunstancias clínicas que explican algunos dilemas morales.
  • Conocer las respuestas jurídicas e institucionales que se han dado a los problemas suscitados por el trasplante de órganos en distintasjurisdicciones.
  • Saber pensar mejor sobre la aplicación de ciertos principios de la bioética a la materia de los trasplantes de órganos.
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