FUN

Échanges et proximité : la première loi de la géographie (FUN)

Échanges et proximité : la première loi de la géographie (FUN)

La mondialisation et les nouvelles technologies semblent avoir affaibli les effets de la proximité et de la distance dans l'organisation de l'espace des sociétés. Pourtant les marques profondes laissées par des siècles de restriction des échanges du fait des difficultés et du coût de franchissement de la distance sont encore très apparentes dans l'organisation du monde. Les principales régions économiques, les grandes aires culturelles, des alliances territoriales se sont formées dans ce contexte. Aujourd'hui encore, le potentiel de la proximité continue à structurer les réseaux d'échanges avec leurs inégalités et leurs asymétries.

La première loi de la géographie s'énonce clairement par cette boutade : « Tout interagit avec tout mais deux choses voisines ont plus de chances d'entrer en interaction que deux choses lointaines ». Dans ce cours, on explicitera la signification de cette loi et on en montrera les conséquences. On apprendra à jouer avec cette loi au moyen du modèle gravitaire qui la résume en la formalisant mathématiquement.
A l'issue de ce cours, vous serez familiarisé avec l'observation des flux d'échanges entre lieux, aurez une meilleure compréhension de la modélisation comparativement à des cartes pouvant sembler inextricables et serez en mesure d'utiliser le modèle gravitaire pour comprendre les échanges et les interactions dans l'organisation de l'espace des sociétés.

Format
Le MOOC se déroule sur 5 semaines de cours et propose :

  • de courtes séquences vidéo s'appuyant sur plus de 100 cartes et graphiques (environ une heure par semaine, en séquences de 5 à 10 minutes) ;
  • des documents à télécharger (glossaire, bibliographie, etc.) ;
  • des exercices, simulations, études de cas ;
  • un questionnaire d’auto-évaluation pour faire le point sur vos acquis à la fin de chaque semaine.

Un forum, encourageant l’échange et la discussion, sera animé par l’équipe pédagogique.

Plan du cours

Semaine 1 : De l'observation des flux aux lois de l'échange
Semaine 2 : Calculer et prédire avec le modèle gravitaire
Semaine 3 : Le modèle gravitaire comme filtre révélant les préférences et les barrières
Semaine 4 : La puissance expressive des cartes de potentiel
Semaine 5 : Le modèle gravitaire comme modèle de champ

Go to Class
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