FUN

Diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers in global health (FUN)

Offered by Institut Pasteur,
Diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers in global health (FUN)

Biomarkers are the subject of considerable interest by scientists and researchers worldwide: they determine the use of targeted treatments (a major therapeutic advance in medicine), allow to measure the evolution of a disease or to indicate a particular physiological event. The aim of this MOOC is to review the interest of biomarkers for public health, based in particular on the research activities of the thirty-three institutes of the Institut Pasteur international network.

After a period of enthusiasm, it is clear that the development of reliable biomarkers is long and complex and must respect rigorous methodological constraints. Due to the extraordinary development of genomics and proteomics and the exposure of the Institut Pasteur international network (IPIN) to emerging diseases, the Institut Pasteur is particularly well-positioned to study the interest of biomarkers for diseases diagnosis and prognosis in global health.

This MOOC is organized into four chapters. The first chapter introduces the subject and delas with the definition and methodological aspects of biomarkers; the second chapter, based on targeted examples (HIV, arbovirus, malaria, tuberculosis, etc.), focuses on the use of biomarkers in infectious diseases. The third chapter is dedicated to biomarkers in oncology. The fourth chapter sheds light on the use of biomarkers in the context of non-communicable diseases (rare diseases, Alzheimer's disease, liver disease, etc.).
This MOOC revolves around two important points: first, the undeniable diagnostic, prognostic and / or therapeutic interest of biomarkers. At each stage of a patient’s care, from the diagnosis of a disease to its treatment, biomarkers are useful and make it possible to hope for a "personalized medicine". The second important point refers to the limits of most biomarkers: insufficient sensitivity or specificity; possible application to a subgroup of patients only, for a given pathology; short duration of their half-life, reducing their clinical relevance (due to the emergence of more effective biomarkers or therapeutic progress). Research on biomarkers remains essential to overcome these limitations, to define new combinations of different biomarkers and to optimize their performance and hence their use. We hope that this MOOC and the associated multiple-choice questions will clarify the use of bio-markers in tomorrow’s medicine and highlight both their advantages and limitations.

Course syllabus

Chap I : Introduction
Françoise Barré-Sinoussi : Biomarkers and IPIN
Stanislas Pol : What are we up to with biomarkers?
Antonin Ginguay : The role of CA 125 and HE4 in the history of biomarkers +
Catherine Larue : Validation of biomarkers
Arnaud Fontanet : Definition of a good biomarker from a statistical point of view
Amalio Telenti : Use of pharmacogenetics
Matthew Albert : Biomarkers: from research to industrial development

Chap II : Biomarkers in infectious diseases
Iryna Nikolayeva : Systems Biology Lab and Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit
Laetitia Velly : Early biomarkers for the diagnosis of bacterial infection in emergency departments
Yves Germani : biomarkers for meningitis diagnostics
Didier Ménard : Biomarks of resistance to artemisinin
Béatrice Jacquelin : Creation of diagnostic tools in case of outbreak : the Ebola example
Brigitte Gicquel : Biomarkers for multi-drug resistance tuberculosis
Elhem Yacoub : Biomarkers for Serodiagnosis of Human Mollicutes Infections
Sean Kennedy : Biomarkers of microbiota
John Hiscott : Biomarkers for patients infected with Human T cell Leukemia Virus
Desmukh Gopaul : A device for the detection of (re)-emerging arboviral diseases

Chap III : Biomarkers in oncology
Dominique Bellet : Biomarkers and therapeutic indications in oncology
Iradj Sobhani : Colon and Rectal Cancer (CRC) et Biomarkers
Pascal Pineau : Biomarkers and HCC

Chap IV : Biomarkers in metabolic and inflammatory diseases
Darragh Duffy : Ultrasensitive detection of protein biomarkers for diagnosis of rare diseases
Wilson Savino : biomarkers for non-communicable diseases : the case of Duchesne distrophy
Sofiane Samir Salah : biomarkers for non-communicable diseases : the case of rheumatoid arthritis
Vincent Chouraki : Biomarkers in Alzheimer
Cosmin Voican : Biomarkers of excessive alcoholic intake

Chap V : Conclusions
Sara Eyangoh : Development of biomarkers in IPIN – perspectives for biomarkers in the future
Marie-Astrid Vernet : Conclusion - Take home messages

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