Knowing the Universe: History and Philosophy of Astronomy (Coursera)

Offered by University of Arizona,
Knowing the Universe: History and Philosophy of Astronomy (Coursera)

This is an introductory level course about the history and philosophy of astronomy, the oldest science. We'll look at how humans learned to ask questions about the universe, and even before the invention of modern instruments like the telescope, learned some amazing things about their place in nature.

Class Deals by MOOC List - Click here and see Coursera's Active Discounts, Deals, and Promo Codes.

We will start with prehistoric cultures who kept accurate calendars and move through the time of the Greek philosophers who laid down the rudiments of logic and mathematics and the modern scientific method. We'll then examine the revolutions of Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton that redefined our place in the universe. We will then learn about the revolutions in physics in the early 20th century that redefined our ideas of space and time, mass and energy. Finally, we will discuss how modern cosmology has shown us that we live in an ancient universe (14 billion years old), in one galaxy in a universe of hundreds of billions of galaxies. At the end, will ask questions that don't necessarily have answers. What came before the Big Bang? Is there anything outside our universe? What is reality? We'll finish by looking at the role of life in the universe and ask whether the earth is the only place with biology on it.

Syllabus

WEEK 1
Welcome to Knowing the Universe: History and Philosophy of Astronomy
This module welcomes students to the course and explains the structure and assignments of the class.

WEEK 2
Prehistory and Greek Science
What was the Early History of Astronomy? From the Neolithic era to the Classical Greek era, we explore the origins of humanity’s fascination with the night sky and the practical applications of their observations and discoveries.

WEEK 3
The Copernican Revolution
In this module we discuss the contributions made to the field of by different civilizations during the Middle Ages. We also explore, with the coming of the Renaissance, how the field of astronomy evolved due to the contributions of Kepler, Brahe, and Galileo.

WEEK 4
The Golden Age of Science
The scientific revolution had a far-reaching impact on the field of astronomy. From Kepler’s laws of planetary motion to Newton’s theory of universal gravity, the Golden Age of Science brings with it new tools and methods to understand the universe and our place in it. Additionally, we discuss how the study of the universe gives us insight into the history of our home planet.

WEEK 5
Mapping Space and Time
This module explores the creation of different astronomical tools and methods used to observe and gather data from the night sky. We then jump to Einstein, his theory of relativity, and how our modern observations give confirmation to the validity of this theory.

WEEK 6
Theory of Atoms and Stars
What are stars? How are they created? How and why do they die? By closely examining atomic theory, the answers to all these questions and more are discussed in this module.

WEEK 7
The Expanding Universe
This module answers the “big questions": how was the universe created, how old is the universe, and will the universe come to and end? Galactic and super-galactic structures are examined as well.

WEEK 8
Life Beyond the Earth
This module attempts to answer one of humanity’s most pressing questions: are we alone in the universe? Through the discussion of exoplanets and astrobiology, we hope to shed some light on this matter.

Go to Class
MOOC List is learner-supported. When you buy through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission.

Related Courses

Understanding Modern Physics I: Relativity and Cosmology (Coursera) Coursera
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology - HKUST

Understanding Modern Physics I: Relativity and Cosmology (Coursera)

The 20th century was known as the century of physics. In the past 120 years, concepts such as space, time, energy, entropy and particles were understood to much deeper levels. New paradigms of thinking such as relativity and quantum mechanics emerged. This course is the first course in the Understanding Modern Physics series, which covers an introduction to special relativity, general relativity and cosmology.

Aug 3rd 2026
5-12 Weeks
Particle Physics: an Introduction (Coursera) Coursera
University of Geneva

Particle Physics: an Introduction (Coursera)

This course introduces you to subatomic physics, i.e. the physics of nuclei and particles. More specifically, the following questions are addressed: What are the concepts of particle physics and how are they implemented?; What are the properties of atomic nuclei and how can one use them?; How does one accelerate and detect particles and measure their properties?; What does one learn from particle reactions at high energies and particle decays?; How do electromagnetic interactions work and how can one use them?; How do strong interactions work and why are they difficult to understand?; How do weak interactions work and why are they so special?; What is the mass of objects at the subatomic level and how does the Higgs boson intervene?; How does one search for new phenomena beyond the known ones?; What can one learn from particle physics concerning astrophysics and the Universe as a whole?

Aug 10th 2026
5-12 Weeks
Understanding Modern Physics II: Quantum Mechanics and Atoms (Coursera) Coursera
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology - HKUST

Understanding Modern Physics II: Quantum Mechanics and Atoms (Coursera)

The 20th century was known as the century of physics. In the past 120 years, concepts such as space, time, energy, entropy and particles were understood to much deeper levels. New paradigms of thinking such as relativity and quantum mechanics emerged. This course is the second course in the Understanding Modern Physics series, which covers an introduction to quantum mechanics, atomic physics and quantum information.

Aug 3rd 2026
4 Weeks
Chemistry (Coursera) Coursera
University of Kentucky

Chemistry (Coursera)

This course is designed to cover subjects in advanced high school chemistry courses, correlating to the standard topics as established by the American Chemical Society. This course is a precursor to the Advanced Chemistry Coursera course. Areas that are covered include atomic structure, periodic trends, compounds, reactions and stoichiometry, bonding, and thermochemistry.

Jul 27th 2026
5-12 Weeks
Les deux infinis et nous (Coursera) Coursera
École Polytechnique

Les deux infinis et nous (Coursera)

Partez à la découverte de l'infiniment grand et de l'infiniment petit dans leurs aspects les plus proches de notre quotidien, en compagnie de physiciens et de physiciennes qui vont vous faire découvrir leur présence insoupçonnée dans notre vie de tous les jours. Vous vous initierez à la vie et aux métiers d'une grande collaboration en physique de l'infiniment petit et de l'infiniment grand, vous découvrirez comment les outils développés dans ces domaines ont trouvé des applications inattendues, comment la physique nucléaire a profondément modifié les domaines de l'énergie et de la santé, et comment les propriétés de certaines particules aident à présent d'autres disciplines à sonder la matière d'une manière totalement différente.

Jul 27th 2026
4 Weeks
Astrobiology: Exploring Other Worlds (Coursera) Coursera
University of Arizona

Astrobiology: Exploring Other Worlds (Coursera)

How are astronomers approaching their search for life in the universe? What have we learned from the surge of exoplanets discoveries? How likely is it that Earth does not host the only life in the Universe? In this course we explore the field of astrobiology, an emerging multidisciplinary field. Progress in astrobiology is driven by telescopes on the ground and in space, and by new insights on how life emerged on Earth and its diversity.

Jul 27th 2026
5-12 Weeks
Vers l'infiniment grand (Coursera) Coursera
École Polytechnique

Vers l'infiniment grand (Coursera)

Partez à la découverte de l'infiniment grand, en compagnie de physiciens et de physiciennes qui vont vous faire découvrir l'Univers aux distances les plus grandes connues à ce jour et les outils scientifiques utilisés pour l'étudier. Vous comprendrez ce que les scientifiques ont pu apprendre sur l'histoire et la structure de l'Univers, ses composantes, et comment ils ont pu accumuler ces observations sur les étoiles, les galaxies, les amas de galaxies, et l'Univers dans son ensemble.

Jul 27th 2026
4 Weeks
Understanding Einstein: The Special Theory of Relativity (Coursera) Coursera
Stanford University

Understanding Einstein: The Special Theory of Relativity (Coursera)

In this course we will seek to “understand Einstein,” especially focusing on the special theory of relativity that Albert Einstein, as a twenty-six year old patent clerk, introduced in his “miracle year” of 1905. Our goal will be to go behind the myth-making and beyond the popularized presentations of relativity in order to gain a deeper understanding of both Einstein the person and the concepts, predictions, and strange paradoxes of his theory.

Aug 10th 2026
5-12 Weeks