東坡詞 (Ci Poetry of Su Dong Po) (Coursera)

東坡詞 (Ci Poetry of Su Dong Po) (Coursera)

東坡詞如秋夜的星光、月色,既遙遠又親近。我們以愉悅的心情展讀《東坡詞》,徜徉於〈水調歌頭〉、〈江城子〉、〈定風波〉與〈念奴嬌〉等作品裡,如晤故人,自能心領神會,除了可以看見天才駕馭技巧的藝術表現,更可貼近東坡的內在世界,親切感受一個偉大心靈的躍動,以豐富我們的生命境界,讓我們知曉如何在人情世界中尋得心靈的安頓。

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縱然是天才,面對人生的考驗,也是嚴峻的。東坡的一生,正好讓我們看到了天才如何迎向現實的挑戰,不斷探索追尋,行於所當行,止於所不可不止,成就一更圓融成熟的人生意境。他的文學,充分反映了他的生涯體驗。
蘇軾的《東坡詞》,是宋詞的奇葩,也是東坡文學中最動人心弦的一體。東坡以其才華學問、性情襟抱為詞,融入了詩的技法與意境,擴大並提昇了詞的內容與境界,使詞體得以脫離小道末技,進而取得與詩文同等的地位,成為文人抒情寫志之新體裁。蘇軾詞,逸懷浩氣,表現為清麗舒徐的筆調,無論是寫現實之挫折、無常之感慨、歸耕之閒情、懷古之幽思或夫妻兄弟朋友之情,言志述懷,皆可見其真性情與真感受,而其中悲喜情懷的轉折起伏,也牽繫著東坡一生的立身行事。
東坡一生多變,在入世與出世間掙扎徘徊,感受既多且深。而如何在「人生有別」、「歲月飄忽」的感傷中,覓得心靈的依歸,在時空變幻裡尋得生命的安頓,是東坡一生的課題。憑藉他的天分、才學與達觀的態度,自有超曠的體悟,表現為瀟灑俊朗之姿;但有時亦會因失志流轉,而掉入傷悲的境地,發為低回幽咽之音。
  東坡詞的特質,就在於他能入乎其內,也能出乎其外。詞本管絃冶蕩之音,容易牽引情緒,使人陷溺於旖旎、幽怨、傷感的情調中。東坡自是一家的醒覺,就是要從這一陰柔細緻的世界中走出,不耽於音聲,不陷入悲情。東坡詞絕少陷溺於情緒的愁苦鬱結之中,他正視人間的悲喜情懷,表達為一種曠達的胸襟。東坡詞不像春雨般的幽咽纏綿,卻如秋日的景致,清風明月,給人清泠、疏朗、沉靜之感。所謂詞境即心境,東坡詞裡的明月清風,正是他超曠心靈之投影。東坡詞裡雖有出世與入世的矛盾,情與理的衝突,但最後都能結合哲理與深情,表現為達觀積極的情緒,筆意明麗而清遠,這是東坡詞所以能突出於唐宋詞人之處。
本課程旨在帶領大家賞讀東坡詞,兼顧作家與文體、情感與形式等多重詮釋面向,讓我們更了解東坡為詞的文學與人生意義,進而深入體察東坡的情意世界及其詞的美感特質。

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