Storia d'Italia (Federica Web Learning)

Storia d'Italia (Federica Web Learning)

In questo corso si discuterà della storia d'Italia, una vicenda che conta centocinquant'anni. Se ne discuterà, più che raccontarla. Si tratta infatti di una possibile interpretazione della storia d’Italia, non di "come sono andate davvero le cose".

Un'interpretazione che ruota attorno a due assunti apparentemente contraddittori. Per un verso, se la si considera nel lungo periodo, l'Italia è un Paese di grandi successi. Era governata da principi di periferia e regimi autoritari e nel 1861 diventa uno stato nazionale che si ispira ai modelli del liberalismo europeo. Si presentava come un territorio povero e raggiunge, nel tardo 900, il Pil pro capite di tedeschi e inglesi. Era ininfluente sul piano geopolitico e diventa, già a fine 800, una potenza di media taglia. Per altro verso, quella italiana è una storia di spaccature interne, squilibri territoriali, conflitti sanguinosi, guerre civili. Basti pensare alle divisioni del movimento risorgimentale, al "brigantaggio" post-unitario, allo scontro tra fascisti e socialisti nel primo dopoguerra, alla guerra civile del 1943-45, alle stragi del secondo dopoguerra, alla stagione del terrorismo e perfino a quella "guerra civile fredda" tra berlusconiani e antiberlusconiani che ha segnato l'ultimo ventennio. Ebbene, com’è stata possibile la coesistenza fra grandi successi e grandi conflitti? Fra l’Italia dei “miracoli” e l’Italia delle tragedie? Una risposta può risiedere nella stabilità politica e sociale del paese, risultato della lunga tradizione governativa e parlamentare del "centrismo", e di una sapiente governance delle periferie, soprattutto meridionali, da parte del ceto politico centrale. Nelle lezioni questi fenomeni verranno affrontati partendo, ogni volta, da un avvenimento concretamente o simbolicamente significativo dei diversi periodi e problemi.

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