Ancient Civilizations of the World (saylor.org)

Offered by Saylor.org,
Ancient Civilizations of the World (saylor.org)

In this course, we will study the emergence of the major civilizations of the ancient world, beginning with the Paleolithic Era (about 2.5 million years ago) and finishing with the end of the Middle Ages in fifteenth century A.D.

In this course, we will study the emergence of the major civilizations of the ancient world, beginning with the Paleolithic Era (about 2.5 million years ago) and finishing with the end of the Middle Ages in fifteenth century A.D. We will pay special attention to how societies evolved across this expanse of time—from fragmented and primitive agricultural communities to more advanced and consolidated civilizations. To do this, we will rely upon textbook readings to provide historical overviews of particular civilizations and then utilize primary-source documents to illuminate the unique features of these individual societies. By the end of the course, you will possess a thorough understanding of important overarching social, political, religious, and economic themes in the ancient world, ranging from the emergence of Confucian philosophy in Asia to the fall of imperial Rome. You will also understand how many aspects of these ancient civilizations continue to remain relevant in today’s world.

Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to:

Identify and define the world’s earliest civilizations, including the Neolithic Revolution, and describe how it shaped the development of these early civilizations.
Identify, describe, and compare/contrast the first advanced civilizations in the world—Mesopotamia and Egypt.
Identify and describe the emergence of the earliest civilizations in Asia: the Harappan and Aryan societies on the Indian subcontinent and the Shang and Zhou societies in China.
Identify and describe the emergence of new philosophies—Daoism and Confucianism—during the Warring States period in China. Identify and describe the subsequent rise of the Qin and Han dynasties.
Identify and describe the different periods that characterized ancient Greece—Archaic Greece (or the Greek Dark Ages), classical Greece, and the Hellenistic era.
Identify and describe the characteristics of the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic, and Imperial Rome.
Analyze the emergence of the Mauryan and Gupta empires during the “classical age” in India
Identify and analyze the Buddhist and Vedic (Hindu) faiths.
Identify and describe the rise of civilizations in the Americas, particularly in Meso and South America.
Analyze and describe the rise of Islam in the Middle East. Identify and describe the emergence of the Arab caliphate, the Umayyad dynasty, and Abbasid dynasty.
Identify and describe the rise and fall of the Byzantine Empire.
Identify and analyze key facets of medieval society in Western Europe—the Catholic Church, feudalism, and the rise of technology and commerce.
Analyze and interpret primary-source documents that elucidate the exchanges and advancements made in civilizations across time and space.

Go to Class
MOOC List is learner-supported. When you buy through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission.

Related Courses

Constitutional Struggles in the Muslim World (Coursera) Coursera
University of Copenhagen

Constitutional Struggles in the Muslim World (Coursera)

Learn what motivates the restive Muslim youth from Tunis to Tehran, what political positions Islamists from Mali to Chechnya are fighting for, where the seeming obsession with Islamic law comes from, where the secularists have vanished to, and whether it makes sense to speak of an Islamic state. This course is a survey of the constitutional ideas and institutions that have developed since the mid 19th century throughout predominantly Muslim countries, but its focus will lie on the actors that have dominated this discourse and shaped its outcomes. We will look at the large body of classical writings on the Islamic state only in so far as it is necessary to understand the contemporary debate, but concentrate on the legal and political developments of the 20th and 21st centuries.

Aug 17th 2026
5-12 Weeks
Early Globalizations: East Meets West (1200s-1600s) (saylor.org) Saylor Academy
Saylor.org

Early Globalizations: East Meets West (1200s-1600s) (saylor.org)

This course will introduce you to the history of the world’s major civilizations from medieval times to the early modern era. You will learn about the pivotal political, economic, and social changes that took place in Asia, Africa, the Americas, and Europe during this period. The course will be structured chronologically, with each unit focusing on the expansion or decline of a particular civilization or the interactions and exchanges between civilizations.

Legacy Course
Self-Paced
Violences et religions (Coursera) Coursera
University of Geneva

Violences et religions (Coursera)

La question « violences et religions » est d’actualité, et pas seulement depuis les attentats d’Al-Qaïda ou de Daech. Pour bien la comprendre, ce cours propose de prendre du recul et de l’envisager sous un angle historique et comparatiste. Le domaine concerné étant l’espace euro-méditerranéen, ce sont essentiellement le christianisme et l’islam qui seront traités (quelques séquences sont également consacrées au judaïsme).

Aug 10th 2026
5-12 Weeks
Western Religions & Ecology (Coursera) Coursera
Yale University

Western Religions & Ecology (Coursera)

At first glance the fields of religion and ecology may seem and unlikely pairing, but a deeper consideration reveals the two have a great deal to contribute to one another and are indeed inextricably linked. Religions recognize the unity and interdependence of humans with nature. Ecological sciences affirm this deep interconnection with the natural world. This partnership can inspire work for the wellbeing of the Earth community

Aug 3rd 2026
5-12 Weeks
The Ancient Greeks (Coursera) Coursera
Wesleyan University

The Ancient Greeks (Coursera)

This is a survey of ancient Greek history from the Bronze Age to the death of Socrates in 399 BCE. Along with studying the most important events and personalities, we will consider broader issues such as political and cultural values and methods of historical interpretation.

Jul 27th 2026
5-12 Weeks
Structuring Values in Modern China (Coursera) Coursera
The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Structuring Values in Modern China (Coursera)

This sequence of four courses will propose a multi-disciplinary approach to the study of Chinese cultural history conceived of as a succession of modes of rationality (philosophical, bureaucratic, and economic). The focus will be on the moments of paradigm shift from one mode of rationality to another. For each of these moments, cultural facts and artifacts—thought, literature, ritual—will be examined in relationship to changing social, political, and economic systems.

Aug 17th 2026
5-12 Weeks
The amazing world of the ethnic groups of Yunnan Province (Coursera) Coursera
Shanghai Jiao Tong University

The amazing world of the ethnic groups of Yunnan Province (Coursera)

Yunnan, abbreviated as Yun and called Dian for short, is a multi-ethnic province which has historically been situated in the southwest frontier of China. Over time, the ethnic minorities evolved into splendid cultures, each with their own unique social life, religious beliefs and customs. The course is taught in English and provides an introduction to 25 ethnic minorities in Yunnan Province, namely the Yi, Bai, Hani, Dai, Zhuang, Miao, Hui, Lisu, Lahu, Wa, Naxi, Yao, Jingpo, Tibetan, Bulang, Buyi, Achang, Pumi, Mongolian, Nu, Jinuo, De'ang, Shui, Man and Dulong nationalities.

Aug 10th 2026
5-12 Weeks